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Debt

‘Judgment Proof’ Debtors and Bankruptcy

Creditors sometimes characterize debtors as “judgment proof,” but what does this mean and why does it matter for debtors considering New York bankruptcy? As an answer to the first question, “judgment proof” isn’t a legal term; it’s made up by lenders. It means that even though the creditor has a judgment against a debtor, the …

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Unperfected Liens: Clear Advantage in Chapter 11, Tougher in Chapter 13

I’ve written about how debtors can avoid liens in New York bankruptcy when they impair their exemptions, but trustees can avoid liens against debtors’ assets too, thanks to section 544 of the Bankruptcy Code. Of particular value to some debtors is the trustee’s power to avoid liens that creditors improperly recorded—also described as “unperfected.” It …

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Is That Second Mortgage Really Underwater?

That’s a question a New York bankruptcy lawyer should ask whenever a debtor seeks to strip a lien off an (allegedly) underwater junior mortgage in a chapter 13 bankruptcy. I’ve discussed this before, but as a quick review, debtors who owe multiple mortgages can strip the liens off junior mortgages that have no equity in …

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Bankruptcy Is Medicine for Debt-Related Health Problems

It should come as no surprise that debt contributes to serious, measurable health problems. What is notable, however, is just how well documented the connection is. Researchers have conducted quite a few studies on the subject, and here are some of the mental and physical maladies that debt corresponds to: Headaches Anxiety disorders Drug and …

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When Are Gambling Debts Dischargeable in New York?

Gambling law in New York is a confusing, evolving quagmire, so it’s understandable that debtors might be curious to know about how New York bankruptcy treats gambling debts. To begin with, money borrowed for gambling is generally unsecured debt that a chapter 7 case can dispose of easily. That’s the easy answer. The tougher answer …

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New York City Homeowners Struggling More Than National Average

More than two years ago, I raised the question of whether another mortgage crash would strike New York homeowners. It’s a provocative discussion because New York City wasn’t seen as representative of the mortgage crash like Las Vegas or Miami. At the time, many homeowners in the New York City metropolitan area had been served …

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What Is the ‘Election of Remedies’ Rule in New York Foreclosure?

I wrote recently about “non-recourse” debts after New York bankruptcy, commenting that the terms “recourse” and “non-recourse” loans usually refer to deficiency judgments after foreclosure. Specifically, state laws differ on allowing plaintiff-creditors to sue defendant-debtors for amounts owed beyond either the fair-market value of the properties or the auction prices at foreclosure sales. Some states …

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When Are Post-Bankruptcy Non-Recourse Debts a Good Idea?

The terms “recourse” or “non-recourse” usually relate to whether lenders can sue debtors for mortgage deficiencies after foreclosure. The state’s “election of remedies” rule complicates things somewhat, but the issue in New York bankruptcy is really what happens to secured debts that debtors continue to pay even after their personal obligation has been discharged. The …

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Mortgage Modifications Can Stymie Chapter 7 Bankruptcies Too

I recently explained why a mortgage modification might be an inferior choice to a chapter 13 bankruptcy. As it turns out, mortgage modifications can stymie a chapter 7 New York bankruptcy as well. Why? Two reasons: the means test and exemptions. I’ve discussed the chapter 7 means test in detail before, but debtors whose household …

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